stick to the south across the atlantic, and do a little research, theres a few month window for getting the best currents across (october-december), so this is when most boats are leaving.
or, spange up some money and take a flight with iceland air, you can get trans atlantic flights for less than 200$ (tax included). Take your extended layover and enjoy iceland for a bit while you are there.
try to make some PR, and get some support from businesses (think sponsorship). I guess if you get a big enough name for yourself, you might be able to get into Russia, which assuming you are american, is near impossible otherwise. this (into the straights of alaska) will be your easiest bet for crossing the pacific, though its still no easy task.
Good luck kid, I have only met 2 people doing this with no money, and they had been travelling for quite a lot of years. I have plans of doing this as well, but its something like a 10 year plan.