Outer layer:
I just scored a lightweight, thin jacket on ebay made for golfers $30 delivered to me, $280 from mfg store. I bought it to ward off the next few weeks of autumn chill in the fields. It is badass, keeps wind and water off and doesn't look like golf.
Make sure you get bottoms too.
Inner layer:
Consider some polypropylene or other synthetic. No cotton against the skin in cold weather.
Not sure how much more you need considering you're riding a bike. Just take more inner layers in different sizes so you can double them up. If you hit a laundry mat often, you can avoid taking too many clothes.